This document discusses factors that influence consumer behavior. It covers cultural factors like culture, subculture, and social class. Social factors like reference groups, family, and roles are examined. Personal factors like age, occupation, personality, and lifestyle are also discussed. Key psychological processes influencing consumer responses are outlined, including motivation, perception, learning, and memory. Apple's "Think Different" and "I'm a Mac" advertising campaigns are briefly described. The document concludes with an announcement for Quiz 2.

1. Part 3: Connecting with Customers > What influences Consumer Behavior > Key Psychological Processes > Apple Ads > Quiz 2 (Part 2: Session 4 - 7) Class Presentation | Session 9 | 6 Sep 2010

2. What Influences Consumer Behavior Understanding the Theory and Realities of Consumer Behavior A key part of Marketing Consumer’s buying behavior is influenced by: Cultural Factors Social Factors Personal Factors MG 220 Marketing Management 2

3. What Influences Consumer BehaviorCultural Factors Culture, Subculture & Social Class: 3 important variables Culture is fundamental determinant of a person’s wants and behavior Set of values, perceptions, preferences, and behaviors through his or her family or other institutions MG 220 Marketing Management 3

4. What Influences Consumer BehaviorCultural Factors Each Culture has smaller Subcultures giving more specific identification and socialization Significantly affluent Subcultures => considering marketing accordingly i.e. multicultural marketing Multilingual services by Telenor, Mobilink MG 220 Marketing Management 4

5. What Influences Consumer BehaviorCultural Factors Social Stratification – strata(s) in society Social Classes – relatively homogenous and enduring divisions in each society, which are hierarchically organized and whose members share similar values, interests and behavior Characteristics: Tend to behave similarly Defines position in society Defined by many variables together (no one variable to define it) Individuals move up or down in classes MG 220 Marketing Management 5

6. What Influences Consumer BehaviorSocial Factors Reference Groups consist of all groups that have a direct (face-to-face) or indirect influence on his/her attitudes or behavior Primary Groups – more interactivity, informal (Family, friends) Secondary Groups – Less interactivity, formal (religious, political) Important Groups to which people do not belong Aspirational Group – A person hopes to join Dissociative Group – Whose value a person rejects Opinion leader - A person in informal, prodcut-related communications who offers advice or information about specific product or product category Family Planning Campaign and “MasjidkeMaulvisb” MG 220 Marketing Management 6

7. What Influences Consumer BehaviorSocial Factors Family – Most important Consumer buying organization in the society. Most influential primary reference group Marketers are interested in roles and relative influence of family members in purchasing behavior Can directly impact a sales Family eating out: Father (Chinese – Tai Wah) Mother (Healthy – Subway) Grandparents (Continental – Village) and the winner is: BACHAY: Hum ne Pizza Hut janahai!!! MG 220 Marketing Management 7

8. What Influences Consumer BehaviorSocial Factors There can be different roles for a person in different settings Role: Activities a person is expected to perform Status: carried by every role Understanding of Roles and Status is important for understanding buying behaviors MG 220 Marketing Management 8

9. What Influences Consumer BehaviorPersonal Factors Different personal factors: Age and stage in life cycle Occupation and economic circumstances Personality and self-concept Lifestyle and Values MG 220 Marketing Management 9

10. What Influences Consumer BehaviorPersonal Factors Age and Stage in Life Cycle Preferences and consumer behaviors change with age Important considerations include: Family Life Cycle – As it grows in years and numbers Psychological Life Cycle – As a person grows Critical Life Events – Births, marriage, relocation MG 220 Marketing Management 10

11. What Influences Consumer BehaviorPersonal Factors Occupation and Economic Circumstances Occupation also impacts buying behaviors Engineers, IT will be more inclined towards latest gadgets Economic Considerations Spendable income Savings and Assets Debts and Borrowing Power Attitude towards spending and saving MG 220 Marketing Management 11

12. What Influences Consumer BehaviorPersonal Factors Personality and Self-Concept Personality – Set of distinguishing human psychological traits that lead to relatively consistent and enduring responses to environmental stimuli Very useful in analyzing consumer brand choices Brand Personality – Specific mix of human traits that may be attributed to a particular brand Strong relation in choosing brand’s consistent with either: Actual self-concept Ideal self-concept MG 220 Marketing Management 12

13. What Influences Consumer BehaviorPersonal Factors Lifestyle and Values Lifestyle – Person’s pattern of living in the world as expressed in activities, interests and opinions Lifestyles partly shaped by: Time-constrained Money-constrained Core Values: They are the belief systems that underlie consumer attitudes and behaviors and strongly influence consumer behavior MG 220 Marketing Management 13

14. Key Psychological Processes Key Psychological Processes influencing consumer responses: Motivation Perception Learning Memory Stimulus-response model MG 220 Marketing Management 14

15. Key Psychological ProcessesMotivation Needs & Motives Needs Can be biogenic (hunger, thirst etc) Can be Psychogenic (need for self-recognition, self-esteem) Motive Need with a sufficient intensity pressing a person to “act” Theories of Human Motivation: Freud Maslow Herzberg MG 220 Marketing Management 15

16. Key Psychological ProcessesMotivation Theories of Human Motivation: Freud Psych. Forces are largely unconscious A person cannot fully understand his/her own motivations Marketers try to understand what all “motives” a product can satisfy Volvo only for safety or a status symbol (too)? MG 220 Marketing Management 16

17. Key Psychological ProcessesMotivation Theories of Human Motivation (contd…): Maslow Human needs are arrangedin heirarchy Most to Least pressing Marketers try to understandhow their product fitin a person’s life and goals MG 220 Marketing Management 17

18. Key Psychological ProcessesMotivation Theories of Human Motivation: Herzberg Satisfiers and Dissatisfiers Absence of Dissatisfiers + Presence of Satisfiers is required for motivation to buy The new Nokia set does NOT have reception issues + it HAS a good camera too....motivating enough to be bought. MG 220 Marketing Management 18

19. Key Psychological ProcessesPerception How a “motivated” person actually acts depends on: Perception - the process by which an individual selects, organizes and interprets information inputs to create a meaningful picture of the world In Marketing, Perception is more important than the reality. Perception actually affects consumers’ behaviors Three key perceptual processes Selective Attention (people “selectively attend” to messages) Selective Distortion (“distort” information about a brand as “I” think it is) Selective Retention (remember good points about products we like rather good points of all products) Subliminal Perception (controlling the subconscious of consumer by subliminal messages – not proven) MG 220 Marketing Management 19

20. Key Psychological ProcessesLearning Learning – Changes in an individual’s behavior arising from experience Most human behavior is “learned” Learning is produced from interplay of: Drive – strong internal stimulus impelling action Cues – Minor stimuli determining when, where and how a person respond Responses – result of Drive and cues Reinforcement – based on experience, response may be reinforced Tendency to “generalize” Nestle MilkPak is good, all dairy products are good by Nestle Discrimination – a person has learned to recognize differences in sets of similar stimuli and can adjust responses accordingly MG 220 Marketing Management 20

21. Key Psychological ProcessesMemory STM – temporary repository of information LTM – more permanent repository of information Associative Network Memory model vis-à-vis consumer brand knowledge => consumer brand knowledge might consist as a brand node in consumer’s mind with a variety of association Brand associations consists of all brand-related thoughts, feelings, perceptions, images, experiences, beliefs etc…. Marketers need to ensure right experiences are created for their brand so it stays “rightly” in memory MG 220 Marketing Management 21

22. Key Psychological ProcessesMemory Two important Memory processes: Encoding Retrieval 1. Memory Processes: Encoding How and where information gets into memory More attention placed on information => stronger the resulting association in memory will be Existing brand associations also impact encoding process for newly formed association MG 220 Marketing Management 22

23. Key Psychological ProcessesMemory 2. Memory Processes: Retrieval How information comes out of memory Key factors affecting the process: Presence of other product information Delay from exposure to info at encoding Information may be available but may require “retrieval cues or reminders” to be retrieved MG 220 Marketing Management 23

24. APPLE! Apple’s advertising Related to today’s session…… Campaign # 1: “Think Different” Campaign # 2: “I am a Mac and I am a PC” MG 220 Marketing Management 24

25. APPLE Apple’s advertising Result of Campaign # 1: Our brand is the most - or at least one of the most - valuable things we have going for us now and the company's future in general. It "only took 15 . . . 30 . . . maybe 60 seconds" to reestablish Apple's counter-culture image that it had lost during the 90s. - Steve Jobs (after launch of campaign and seeing its results) MG 220 Marketing Management 25

26. QUIZ # 2 Related to Part 2 Max Time: 20 Mins MG 220 Marketing Management 26

27. Part 3: Connecting with Customers > The Buying Decision Process: The Five-stage Model > What is Organizational Buying? > Participants in the Business Buying Process > Stages in the Buying Process > Institutional and Government Markets Class Presentation | Session 10 | 8 Sep 2010